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====== CUBA ======

===== Steel frame buildings with infill walls of PVC sheets (Petrocasas) =====

==== 1. General Information ====

{{  :static:data:report_193:pt1.jpg?400|Steel frame buildings with infill walls of PVC sheets (Petrocasas)}}**Report #:** 193

**Report Date:**

**Country:** CUBA

**Housing Type:**

**Housing Sub-Type:**

**Author(s):** Grisel Morejon Blanco, Kenia Leyva Chang, Dario Candebat Sanchez, Zulima Rivera Alvarez, Yelena Berenguer Heredia, Madelin Villalon Semanat, Dominik H. Lang, Abdelghani Meslem

**Last Updated:** 01/26/2016 

**Regions Where Found:**  Santiago de Cuba

**Summary:** Steel frames with infill walls of PVC sheets that are filled with fluid concrete

**Length of time practiced:** Less than 25 years

**Still Practiced:** Yes

**In practice as of:** 2007-2014

**Building Occupancy:** Residential, 2 units

**Typical number of stories:** 1-2

**Terrain-Flat:** 

**Terrain-Sloped:** 

**Comments:**





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==== 2. Features ====

**Plan Shape:** Rectangular, solid

**Additional comments on plan shape:** 

**Typical plan length (meters):** 

**Typical plan width (meters):** 

**Typical story height (meters):** 

**Type of Structural System:** Steel: Moment Resisting Frame: With cast in-situ concrete walls

**Additional comments on structural system:** Gravity: The floor system, transferring the gravity loads to the beams and columns and finally to the footings.Lateral: Shear walls provide the lateral resistance; the wall panels are cast-in-situ.

**Gravity load-bearing & lateral load-resisting systems:** 

**Typical wall densities in direction 1:** >20%

**Typical wall densities in direction 2:** >20%

**Additional comments on typical wall densities:** 

**Wall Openings:** 

**Is it typical for buildings of this type to have common walls with adjacent buildings?:** 

**Modifications of buildings:** 

**Type of Foundation:** Shallow Foundation: Mat foundation

**Additional comments on foundation:** 

**Type of Floor System:** Concrete floor, unknown

**Additional comments on floor system:** Small beams and RC slabs cast-in-situ

**Type of Roof System:** Metal beams or trusses supporting light roofing

**Additional comments on roof system:** Steel trusses

**Additional comments section 2:** 



{{:static:data:report_193:pt2.jpg?200|Steel frame buildings with infill walls of PVC sheets (Petrocasas)}}


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==== 3. Buildings Process ====

=== Description of Building Materials ===

^Structural Element  ^Building Material (s)  ^Comment (s)  |
|Wall/Frame | |  |
|Foundations | |  |
|Floors | |  |
|Roof | |  |
|Other | |  |


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=== Design Process ===

**Who is involved with the design process?:** Owner

**Roles of those involved in the design process:** 

**Expertise of those involved in the design process:** 



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=== Construction Process ===

**Who typically builds this construction type?:** Other

**Roles of those involved in the building process:** 

**Expertise of those involved in building process:** 

**Construction process and phasing:** 



**Construction issues**

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=== Building Codes and Standards ===

**Is this construction type address by codes/standards?:** Yes

**Applicable codes or standards:** NC 46:1999 "Construcciones sismorresistentes. Requisitos para el diseno y construccion"

**Process for building code enforcement:** 


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=== Building Permits and Development Control Rules ===

**Are building permits required?:** 

**Is this typically informal construction?:** 

**Is this construction typically authorized as per development control rules?:** 

**Additional comments on building permits and development control rules:** 



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=== Building Maintenance and Condition ===

**Typical problems associated with this type of construction:** 

**Who typically maintains buildings of this type?:** Other

**Additional comments on maintenance and building condition:** 


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=== Construction Economics ===

**Unit construction cost:** 12 CUC/m2

**Labor requirements:** 

**Additional comments section 3:** 


    


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==== 4. Socio-Economic Issues ====



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==== 5. Earthquakes ====

=== Past Earthquakes in the country which affected buildings of this type ===

^Year  ^Earthquake Epicenter  ^Richter Magnitude  ^Maximum Intensity  |


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=== Past Earthquakes ===

**Damage patterns observed in past earthquakes for this construction type:** Unknown damage


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=== Structural and Architectural Features for Seismic Resistance ===

The main reference publication used in developing the statements used in this table is FEMA 310 Handbook for the Seismic Evaluation of Buildings-A Pre-standard, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, D.C., 1998.

The total width of door and window openings in a wall is: For brick masonry construction in cement mortar : less than Â½ of the distance between the adjacent cross walls; For adobe masonry, stone masonry and brick masonry in mud mortar: less than 1/3 of the distance between the adjacent cross walls; For precast concrete wall structures: less than 3/4 of the length of a perimeter wall.

^Structural/Architectural Feature  ^Statement  ^Seismic Resistance  |

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**Vertical irregularities typically found in this construction type:** Other

**Horizontal irregularities typically found in this construction type:** Other

**Seismic deficiency in walls:** Steel columns of small cross sections and over large spans; welding at the base of the columns; many joints in the walls..

**Seismic deficiency in foundation:** Unknown deficiencies



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=== Seismic Vulnerability Rating ===

For information about how seismic vulnerability ratings were selected see the [[:wiki:seismic_vulnerability_rating.docx?media=wiki:seismic_vulnerability_rating.docx|Seismic Vulnerability Guidelines]]

|   ^  High vulnerabilty  ^^  Medium vulnerability  ^^  Low vulnerability  ^|
|   |A  |B  |C  |D  |E  |F  |
|Seismic vulnerability class  |   |   |o   |  |  |  |

**Additional comments section 5:** Moderate vulnerability due to the low quality of materials and the connections


    

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==== 6. Retrofit Information ====

=== Description of Seismic Strengthening Provisions ===

^Structural Deficiency  ^Seismic Strengthening  |

    

    

    
==== 7. References ====

Brzev, S., Scawthorn, C., Charleson, A.W., and Jaiswal, K. (2012). GEM basic building taxonomy, Report produced in the context of the GEM Ontology and Taxonomy Global Component project, 45 pp.
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Cuban National Bureau of Standards (2013). Norma Cubana NC46: 2013, Construcciones sismoresistentes - Requisitos basicos para el diseno y construccon, 1. Edicion, January 2013, Officina Nacional de Normalizacion (NC), Habana, Cuba.
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Jaiswal, K.S., and Wald, D.J. (2008). Creating a global building inventory for earthquake loss assessment and risk management, U.S. Geological Survey Open-file report 2008-1160, 106 pp.
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Lang D.H., Meslem, A., Lindholm C., Blanco, G.M., Chang, K.L., Sanchez, D.C., and Alvarez, Z.R. (2015). Earthquake Loss Evaluation (ELE) for the City of Santiago de Cuba (Cuba), Report no. 15-015, Kjeller - Santiago de Cuba, October 2015, 90pp.
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Medina A., Escobar E., Ortiz G. Ramirez M., Duiaz L., Mondelo F., Montejo N., Rodriguez H., Guevara T. and Acosta J. (1999). Reconocimiento geologo-geofisico de la cuenca de Santiago de Cuba, con fines de Riesgo Sismico. Empresa Geominera de Oriente, Santiago de Cuba. 32 pp.
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Mendez I., Ortiz G., Aguller M., Rodriguez E., Llull E., Guevara T., Lopez T., Guilart M., Mustelier M., Gentoiu M. and Lay M. (2001). Base de datos digital de los levantamientos regionales de Cuba Oriental. Empresa Geologo-Minera de Oriente (E.G.M.O.) y Oficina Nacional de Recursos Minerales (O.N.R.M).
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Morejon Blanco, G., Leyva Chang, K., Candebat Sanchez, D., Rivera Alvarez, Z., Berenguer Heredia, Y., Villalon Semanat, M., Lang, D.H., and Meslem, A. (2015). Building Classification Scheme for the City of Santiago de Cuba (Cuba), Report no. 15-010, Kjeller - Santiago de Cuba, August 2015, 30 pp.
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SNIP (1963). Construction in Seismic Regions: Norms of Designing, SNIP II-A. 12-62, Moscow, 1963.
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=== Authors ===

^Name  ^Title  ^Affiliation  ^Location  ^Email  |
|Grisel Morejon Blanco |Vice Director |Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Sismologicas (CENAIS) |Santiago de Cuba, Cuba |  |
|Kenia Leyva Chang |Specialist for Science, Technology and Environment |Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Sismologicas (CENAIS) |Santiago de Cuba, Cuba |  |
|Dario Candebat Sanchez |Investigador Agregado |Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Sismologicas (CENAIS) |Santiago de Cuba, Cuba |  |
|Zulima Rivera Alvarez |Assistant Researcher |Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Sismologicas (CENAIS) |Santiago de Cuba, Cuba |  |
|Yelena Berenguer Heredia |Aspirante a Investigador |Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Sismologicas (CENAIS) |Santiago de Cuba, Cuba |  |
|Madelin Villalon Semanat |Investigador Agregado |Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Sismologicas (CENAIS) |Santiago de Cuba, Cuba |  |
|Dominik H. Lang |Head of Department, Earthquake Hazard and Risk |NORSAR |Kjeller, Norway |  |
|Abdelghani Meslem |Structural and Earthquake Engineer |NORSAR |Kjeller, Norway |  |

=== Reviewers ===

^Name  ^Title  ^Affiliation  ^Location  ^Email  |
|Jaiswal, Kishor |Research Structural Engineer |U.S. Geological Survey (contracted through Synergetics Incorporated) |Golden CO, USA  |kjaiswal@usgs.gov  |
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