Table of Contents
ARMENIA
PC Large Panel Building (Large panel series 1-451LP)
1. General Information
Report #: 203
Report Date:
Country: ARMENIA
Housing Type:
Housing Sub-Type:
Author(s):
Last Updated:
Regions Where Found: All big cities in Armenia. About 10% of Armenia's multi-apartment building stock are made of this construction typology.
Summary: This construction typology consists of “large panels” which are precast RC wall elements. There are three types of the 9-storey buildings, either with square or rectangular plan shapes. In addition, 4- and 5-story buildings can also be found. Construction of these buildings started in the 1970s until now.
Length of time practiced: 25-60 years
Still Practiced: Off
In practice as of:
Building Occupancy: Residential, 20-49 unitsResidential, 50+ units
Typical number of stories: 3-5
Terrain-Flat: Off
Terrain-Sloped: Off
Comments:
Construction type typically on flat terrain and occasionally on sloped (hilly) terrain.
2. Features
Plan Shape: Square, solidRectangular, solid
Additional comments on plan shape:
Typical plan length (meters):
Typical plan width (meters):
Typical story height (meters):
Type of Structural System: Structural Concrete: Precast Concrete: Large panel precast walls
Additional comments on structural system:
Gravity load-bearing & lateral load-resisting systems: The typical wall densities usually exceed 20% (total wall area / plan area). Usually, buildings of this construction type do not have common walls with adjacent buildings.
Typical wall densities in direction 1: >20%
Typical wall densities in direction 2: >20%
Additional comments on typical wall densities:
Wall Openings:
Is it typical for buildings of this type to have common walls with adjacent buildings?: Off
Modifications of buildings:
Type of Foundation: Other Foundation
Additional comments on foundation:
Type of Floor System: Other floor system
Additional comments on floor system:
Type of Roof System: Roof system, other
Additional comments on roof system:
Additional comments section 2:
Infill wall material:
3. Buildings Process
Description of Building Materials
| Structural Element | Building Material (s) | Comment (s) |
|---|---|---|
| Wall/Frame | ||
| Foundations | ||
| Floors | ||
| Roof | ||
| Other |
Design Process
Who is involved with the design process?: Owner
Roles of those involved in the design process:
Expertise of those involved in the design process:
Construction Process
Who typically builds this construction type?: Other
Roles of those involved in the building process:
Expertise of those involved in building process:
Construction process and phasing:
Construction issues
Building Codes and Standards
Is this construction type address by codes/standards?: Yes
Applicable codes or standards: Engineers are involved in the design process; the construction is carried out by builders.SNIP 62, used for construction in all countries under the former Soviet Union, modified in 1984 and the current Seismic Code of the Republic of Armenia CHPA II-2.02-94.
Process for building code enforcement:
Building Permits and Development Control Rules
Are building permits required?: Off
Is this typically informal construction?: Off
Is this construction typically authorized as per development control rules?: Off
Additional comments on building permits and development control rules:
Building Maintenance and Condition
Typical problems associated with this type of construction:
Who typically maintains buildings of this type?: Other
Additional comments on maintenance and building condition:
Construction Economics
Unit construction cost: Code provisions are followed in the construction process. Construction is typically formal (with permits, plans, etc) and authorized as per development control rules.The owner, if interested, is the one who maintains the building.
Labor requirements:
Additional comments section 3:
4. Socio-Economic Issues
5. Earthquakes
Past Earthquakes in the country which affected buildings of this type
| Year | Earthquake Epicenter | Richter Magnitude | Maximum Intensity |
|---|
Past Earthquakes
Damage patterns observed in past earthquakes for this construction type: The 1988 Earthquake with epicenter in Spitak, Armenia (Mw 6.9) affected this type of constructions.These buildings performed well during the 1988 Spitak earthquake. Only slight damages, mainly minor cracking at some panel joints, were reported.
Structural and Architectural Features for Seismic Resistance
The main reference publication used in developing the statements used in this table is FEMA 310 Handbook for the Seismic Evaluation of Buildings-A Pre-standard, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, D.C., 1998.
The total width of door and window openings in a wall is: For brick masonry construction in cement mortar : less than ½ of the distance between the adjacent cross walls; For adobe masonry, stone masonry and brick masonry in mud mortar: less than 1/3 of the distance between the adjacent cross walls; For precast concrete wall structures: less than 3/4 of the length of a perimeter wall.
| Structural/Architectural Feature | Statement | Seismic Resistance |
|---|---|---|
| Lateral load path | The structure contains a complete load path for seismic force effects from any horizontal direction that serves to transfer inertial forces from the building to the foundation. | N/A |
| Building Configuration-Vertical | The building is regular with regards to the elevation. (Specify in 5.4.1) | N/A |
| Building Configuration-Horizontal | The building is regular with regards to the plan. (Specify in 5.4.2) | N/A |
| Roof Construction | The roof diaphragm is considered to be rigid and it is expected that the roof structure will maintain its integrity, i.e. shape and form, during an earthquake of intensity expected in this area. | N/A |
| Floor Construction | The floor diaphragm(s) are considered to be rigid and it is expected that the floor structure(s) will maintain its integrity during an earthquake of intensity expected in this area. | N/A |
| Foundation Performance | There is no evidence of excessive foundation movement (e.g. settlement) that would affect the integrity or performance of the structure in an earthquake. | N/A |
| Wall and Frame Structures-Redundancy | The number of lines of walls or frames in each principal direction is greater than or equal to 2. | N/A |
| Wall Proportions | Height-to-thickness ratio of the shear walls at each floor level is: Less than 25 (concrete walls); Less than 30 (reinforced masonry walls); Less than 13 (unreinforced masonry walls); | N/A |
| Foundation-Wall Connection | Vertical load-bearing elements (columns, walls) are attached to the foundations; concrete columns and walls are doweled into the foundation. | N/A |
| Wall-Roof Connections | Exterior walls are anchored for out-of-plane seismic effects at each diaphragm level with metal anchors or straps. | N/A |
| Wall Openings | N/A | |
| Quality of Building Materials | Quality of building materials is considered to be adequate per the requirements of national codes and standards (an estimate). | N/A |
| Quality of Workmanship | Quality of workmanship (based on visual inspection of a few typical buildings) is considered to be good (per local construction standards). | N/A |
| Maintenance | Buildings of this type are generally well maintained and there are no visible signs of deterioration of building elements (concrete, steel, timber). | N/A |
Vertical irregularities typically found in this construction type: Other
Horizontal irregularities typically found in this construction type: Other
Seismic Vulnerability Rating
For information about how seismic vulnerability ratings were selected see the Seismic Vulnerability Guidelines
| High vulnerabilty | Medium vulnerability | Low vulnerability | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | B | C | D | E | F | |
| Seismic vulnerability class | o | |||||
6. Retrofit Information
Description of Seismic Strengthening Provisions
| Structural Deficiency | Seismic Strengthening |
|---|
7. References
Authors
| Name | Title | Affiliation | Location |
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Reviewers
| Name | Title | Affiliation | Location |
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